Книга обращена ко всем интересующимся современной философской проблематикой, методами и приемами мышления человека.

A Buddhist philosopher on monotheism; text, translation with critical introduction of Nāgārjuna's Īśvarakartṛtva-nirākṛtiḥ-viṣṇoḥ-ekakartṛtva-nirākaraṇa.--History of materialism in India.--Theory of poetry in India.--Scientific achievements of ancient India.--Establishment of the existence of other minds; free translation of Dharmakīrti's Santānāntara-siddhi with Vinītadeva's Santānāntara-siddhi-ṭīkā.

Investigation of the factors in natural history which conditioned the appearance of consciousness, that specifically human form of mental activity, necessarily presumes, in particular, a study of its functional preconditions or, in other words, of the higher forms of animal activity involving objects and of the corresponding mental processes. It is not enough to know the general psychological qualities of animals, the general principles by which their behavior is shaped, principles and properties offering evidence of a type of vital activity (...) qualitatively different from that of man. The traits of psychology and behavior, characteristic of the preponderance of the animal world, could not have become the immediate functional foundation capable of providing the real opportunity for the onset of the shaping of new regularities of mental activity. (shrink)

Stemming from our energy localization hypothesis that energy in general relativity is localized in the regions of the energy-momentum tensor, we had devised a test with the classic Eddington spinning rod. Consistent with the localization hypothesis, we found that the Tolman energy integral did not change in the course of the motion. This implied that gravitational waves do not carry energy in vacuum, bringing into question the demand for the quantization of gravity. Also if information is conveyed by the waves, (...) the traditional view that information transfer demands energy is challenged. Later, we showed that the “body” angular momentum changed at a rate indicating that the moment of inertia increased to higher order, contrary to traditional expectations. We consider the challenges facing the development of a localized expression for the total angular momentum of the body including the contribution from gravity. We find that Komar's expression does not lead to an adequate formulation of localized angular momentum. (shrink)

The issue of energy and its potential localizability in general relativity has challenged physicists for more than a century. Many non-invariant measures were proposed over the years but an invariant measure was never found. We discovered the invariant localized energy measure by expanding the domain of investigation from space to spacetime. We note from relativity that the finiteness of the velocity of propagation of interactions necessarily induces indefiniteness in measurements. This is because the elements of actual physical systems being measured (...) as well as their detectors are characterized by entire four-velocity fields, which necessarily leads to information from a measured system being processed by the detector in a spread of time. General relativity adds additional indefiniteness because of the variation in proper time between elements. The uncertainty is encapsulated in a generalized uncertainty principle, in parallel with that of Heisenberg, which incorporates the localized contribution of gravity to energy. This naturally leads to a generalized uncertainty principle for momentum as well. These generalized forms and the gravitational contribution to localized energy would be expected to be of particular importance in the regimes of ultra-strong gravitational fields. We contrast our invariant spacetime energy measure with the standard 3-space energy measure which is familiar from special relativity, appreciating why general relativity demands a measure in spacetime as opposed to 3-space. We illustrate the misconceptions by certain authors of our approach. (shrink)

The problem of energy and its localization in general relativity is critically re-examined. The Tolman energy integral for the Eddington spinning rod is analyzed in detail and evaluated apart from a single term. It is shown that a higher order iteration is required to find its value. Details of techniques to solve mathematically challenging problems of motion with powerful computing resources are provided. The next phase of following a system from static to dynamic to final quasi-static state is described.

References to energy of the universe have focussed upon the matter contribution, whereas the conservation laws must include a gravitational contribution as well. The conservation laws as applied to FRW cosmologies suggest a zero total energy irrespective of the spatial curvature when the value of the cosmological constant is taken to be zero. This result provides a useful constraint on models of the early universe and lends support to currently studied theories of the universe arising as a quantum fluctuation of (...) the vacuum. (shrink)

In the framework of classical electromagnetism, a charge however accelerated with respect to an inertial frame radiates energy, in any circumstance. Regarding the energy as made of photons, the hypothesis is here introduced that the emission of a photon is only possible as a result of a change of the energy of the charge, which requires an energy-work exchange with the accelerating field. On such an hypothesis an elementary impulsive-dissipative model for the photon emission is constructed, in the framework of (...) special relativity, in which no energy radiation is emitted from a charge in a central Coulomb field uniformly describing a circular orbit. (shrink)

A new non-traditional quasi-classical description of the particle dynamics (QCDPD) is outlined. The “quasi-classical” attribute is suggested by the closeness—although not identity—to the description of a classical system, in the framework of classical dynamics. Founded on a suitable one-to-one mapping of the timelike 4-vectors of Minkowski's spacetime onto the real 4-dimension vector space, QCDPD is mathematically equivalent to the traditional description of special relativity. However, in QCDPD a new frequency fulfilling the same transformation law as the frequency of an oscillator (...) is employed. It turns out that the special-relativity particle is, in fact, modeled as an oscillator which is essentially classical. The associated wave is a natural consequence of such a model. (shrink)

Contemporary development goals of the Philippines, like those of many post-colonial states in the Third Word, strongly emphasize the need to catch up with the living standards of western industrialized countries. This article argues that following the western model of development through industrialization can only exacerbate existing socio-economic and ecological problems. The article contends that an historically appropriate and total development should aim for a reconstitution of natural, social, and moral ecologies. Drawing from historical sources, the first part of the (...) article examines the ecological consequences of Spanish colonization in order to provide the rationale for a definition of development as a reconstitution of damaged ecologies. The second part propose that the ethics of post-colonial development should be based on equality of access to life-sustaining resources and the transformation of values. The article conceptualizes ethics as a social discourse that defends human communities from further environmental and social degradation. (shrink)